‘Jibia Peace Model’: How Katsina community came to depend on non-state armed enforcers

In the borderlands of Katsina State, where the Zamfara forests meet the sands of the Republic of Niger, security is not delivered by the government. It is negotiated – quietly, unevenly, and often at gunpoint. Across local government areas battered by years of banditry – cattle rustling, mass kidnappings, and village...